PHIL 101 Notes - Society - Social Contract Theory: The social - Studocu Developmental science is only beginning to understand the way relational health buffers adversity and builds resilience, but emerging data suggest that responsive interactions between children and engaged, attuned adults are paramount.1,16,114,115 Not only are infants programmed to connect socially and emotionally with adult caregivers,116 but the brains of parents of newborn infants appear to be reprogrammed to connect with their infants.117 Imaging studies of new parents demonstrate changes in several major brain circuits, including a reward circuit, social information circuit, and emotional regulation circuit.117,118 The reward circuit includes the striatum, ventral tegmental area, anterior cingulated cortex, and prefrontal cortex, where dopamine and rising levels of oxytocin interact to make social interactions more rewarding, thereby encouraging more parental engagement in infant care.118,119 The social information circuit includes structures such as the anterior insula, inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and supplemental motor area, which support internal representations of what others may be experiencing and more empathic responses to infant behaviors.118,119 Finally, the emotional regulation circuit includes the amygdala, superior temporal sulcus, temporoparietal junction, and prefrontal cortex, which promote social cognition and a downregulation of the stress response.118,119 The convergent conclusion from these preliminary imaging studies of the parental brain is clear: much like the infant brain, the parental brain is programmed to connect. For example, in an abusive context, biological changes, such as the methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene,35 an increase in the size or activity of the amygdala,68 and a hypersensitivity to potentially threatening cues9 could be considered adaptive, at least initially, because those changes might promote survival in a threatening environment. University of Utah, Department of Psychology, College of Social & Behavioral Science. Eco-bio-developmental model of emergent literacy helps identify risk PDF TECHNICAL REPORT The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Be it child labor laws, federal grants to states to promote maternal-child health, support for paid parental leave after childbirth, required immunizations to attend school, the use of car safety seats, the adoption of children by same-sex parents, the harms of corporal punishment, the safe storage of firearms, the care of immigrant children in federal custody, the negative effect of toxins and global warming on child health, or the importance of nutrition and income support for healthy families, pediatric professionals have been a powerful force for bringing a scientifically grounded, evidence-based perspective to public debates. Asserting that adults with core life skills are essential, not only to form and maintain SSNRs with children but also to scaffold and develop the basic social and emotional skills that enable children to be resilient and flourish despite adversity. An ecobiodevelopmental framework sheds new light on the biological basis for persistent disparities in education, poverty, and health. But underlying this approach are 2 fundamental assumptions. Measures of both resilience and flourishing despite adversity suggest that much more can be done to build the SSNRs and overall relational health that buffers adversity and builds both the skills and contexts necessary for children to thrive. ecobiodevelopmental theory on the far-reaching developmental implications of early pernicious environmental experiences to address a richer conceptualization of environmental chaos. Embrace an ecobiodevelopmental model for understanding how both adverse and positive relational experiences in childhood become biologically embedded and impact both negative and positive outcomes across the life course. Colocate counseling services (warm handoffs); facilitate, track, and follow-up on referrals offered. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study, The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood. This has important implications for how we nurture and fulfill the potential of all children, not just those who are relatively less sensitive to their contexts and appear to be relatively more resilient despite adversity. Communication could be further enhanced by cultural humility,164,165 implicit bias training,166171 a more diverse health care team (eg, providing families and patients the opportunity to seeing themselves reflected in the sex, ethnicity, and cultural backgrounds of the team members), and access to professional interpreters. Thats number one. Of the 3 principles, this is the one that aligns most clearly with the core functions of the FCPMH and is, therefore, the primary focus of this policy statement. Rather, an integrated public health approach (see Fig 1) is needed to support all children, including those with delays in development and special health care needs.8082 The foundation for any public health approach is universal primary prevention. ancillary support services (interpretation, telemedicine, transportation, etc) enabling youth with special health care needs to access the many layers of support that they frequently require. Relational health is a strengths-based approach because it is focused on solutions: those individual, family, and community capacities that promote SSNRs, buffer adversity, and build resilience. This emphasis on universal primary preventions is congruent with the fact that more children are mentally and socially well and flourish as adults, regardless of their level of childhood adversity, if they also are afforded positive relational experiences and high family resilience and connection during childhood.59,121 Relational health includes more than nurturing in its traditional, spoken sense (eg, verbal warmth or responsivity); it also includes the activities that support the relationship more broadly (eg, reading aloud and a prescription to play), and research has documented that nurturing words and actions are inextricably linked.137 Although there are both practice-based (eg, Reach Out and Read [ROR],129,138,139 the Video Interaction Project [VIP],66,72 HealthySteps84,85) and community-based programs (eg, positive parenting programs,140,141 home visiting programs,142,143 quality early child care settings69,71) that promote these early positive relational experiences, they are not funded at levels that would make them universally accessible. Eco-biodevelopmental models are advocated by the American Academy of Pediatrics, and these models offer insights into the neurobiological processes associated with environmental factors and the ways in which these processes may be addressed to improve outcomes. Both genetic and epigenetic factors interact with. This guide asserts This revised policy statement on childhood toxic stress builds on the 2012 policy statement12 and technical report2 by: Acknowledging that a spectrum of adversity exists, from discrete, threatening events (such as abuse, bullying, or disasters) to ongoing, chronic hardships (such as poverty, racism, social isolation, or neglect). Acronym for Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; TF-CBT is an evidence-based, manualized, skills-based therapy that allows parents and children to better process emotions and thoughts related to traumatic experiences. Promoting a public health approach that not only prevents, mitigates, and treats toxic stress but, more importantly, proactively promotes, reduces barriers to, and repairs relational health (the capacity to develop and maintain SSNRs with others). 11, The Timing and Quality of Early Experiences Combine to Shape Brain Architecture. These additional interventions are supplemental to and do not replace universal primary preventions. Move beyond singular, panacea programs toward a layering of interventions that are integrated, both vertically and horizontally, into the local public health efforts to promote safe, stable, and nurturing communities, families, and relationships. See the Appendix for full descriptions of the abbreviations. Below we briefly discuss each of the five components, review relevant empirical support, and identify enduring questions. Tertiary preventions in the relational health framework are focused on the evidence-based practices such as ABC, CPP, or PCIT that repair strained relationships and assist them in becoming more safe, stable, and nurturing. Finally, the diverse conditions included in a broader spectrum of adversity make the formation of SSNRs more difficult. Molecular biological processes play an essential role in human development. The toxic stress framework may help to define many of our most intractable problems at a biological level, but a relational health framework helps to define the much-needed solutions at the individual, familial, and community levels (see Table 1). Acronym for safe, stable, and nurturing relationships; these allow the child to feel protected, connected, and competent. What Vulnerability Theory Is and Is Not - Emory University These techniques come from family therapy, cognitive therapy, motivational interviewing, family engagement, family-focused pediatrics, and solution-focused therapy. The Healthy Outcomes From Positive Experiences framework promotes relational health through positive childhood experiences, such as being in nurturing, supportive relationships; living, developing, playing, and learning in safe, stable, protective, and equitable environments; having opportunities for constructive social engagement and connectedness; and learning social and emotional competencies.126,127. Young children are more li Transactional theory emphasizes that: Childhood trauma can alter developing brain, creates lifetime of risk Importance: Literacy has been described as an important social determinant of health. ED 331 Test #1 Ch. 1-4 Flashcards | Quizlet Ecobiodevelopmental theory asserts that: (a)early experiences create the structure of the brain (b)genes are the dominant determinant of brain development (c)early interventions cannot overcome the power of poverty in brain development (d)improving early nutrition could break the cycle of poverty 4. Life Course Theory asserts that non-communicable diseases . Ecobiodevelopmental theory asserts that: early experiences create the structure of the brain. Understand the relational health framework, which explains how the individual, family, and community capacities that support the development and maintenance of SSNRs also buffer adversity and build resilience across the life course (see Table 1).
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