Students 2021;18(1): 355. Fig 1. Oxford Economic Papers, 64(1), 126. I find Docmerit to be authentic, easy to use and a community with quality notes and study tips. https://www.immagic.com/eLibrary/ARCHIVES/GENERAL/ACCA_US/A081007G.pdf, Teixeira RJ, Brando T, Dores AR. Multivariate multiple regression was carried out to understand the predictive role of PsyCap on PERMA at two time points (before and during COVID-19). WebThis study intends to investigate the extent to which students' learning experience has been meaningful and satisfying, and their sentiment on online distance learning due to the implementation of emergency remote teaching (ERT). Worry and stress fuel record drop in U.S. life satisfaction. BackgroundThe COVID-19 crisis has introduced a variety of stressors, while simultaneously decreasing the availability of strategies to cope with stress. https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpr051, Dello Russo, S., & Stoykova, P. (2015). To this end, in 2020, a sample of Polish students was anonymously measured using the Mini-COPE questionnaire. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-06-2015-0091. FOIA Academic stress, coping, emotion regulation, affect and psychosomatic symptoms in higher education. Front. But during COVID-19, the relevance of self-efficacy in predicting PERMA elements was limited to controllable factorsrelationships, meaning, and physical healthand the predictive role of self-efficacy overall was no longer significant (see Table 2). Additionally, each pillar of PERMA has been shown to be positively associated with physical health, optimal well-being, and life satisfaction and negatively correlated with depression, fatigue, anxiety, perceived stress, loneliness, and negative emotion (Butler & Kern, 2016). In Poland, the transfer to online teaching was announced without prior warning, which The COVID-19 pandemic has meant additional stress, fear, and worry for many families. Both individual counseling and group-based programming focused on PsyCap and positive coping strategies could support the well-being of university students as they experience ongoing stressors related to the pandemic or as they face other setbacks. Webstudents felt a lack of motivation, anxiety, stress, and isolation. Alsolais A, Alquwez N, Alotaibi KA, Alqarni AS, Almalki M, Alsolami F, Almazan J, Cruz JP. Check in with your child frequently and listen to their concerns. Implications and recommendations for psychoeducation and counseling interventions to promote PsyCap and adaptive coping strategies in university students are presented. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972063414526124, Masten, A. S. (2001). Its enough to let them know theyre not alone. coping https://www.chronicle.com/article/distanced-learning, Huckins, J. F., DaSilva, A. W., Wang, W., Hedlund, E., Rogers, C., Nepal, S. K., Wu, J., Obuchi, M., Murphy, E. I., Oxford University Press. Background: During COVID-19 Finkelstein-Fox, L., & Park, C. L. (2019). Computer Human Behavior, 69, 19. The coping strategy of behavioral, Fig 6. Occupy your mind with puzzles. Can I Really Be Burnt Out Because Of Working From Home? How to increase and sustain positive emotion: The effects of expressing gratitude and visualizing best possible selves. Fifty-four percent of the participants were undergraduate students (n = 326), and the remaining 46% were graduate students (n = 283). Nursing education has moved classes online. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832323.2011.609844, Luthans, F., Avey, J. Soothing the nervous system, by taking care of the body, can help to bring us back to a healthier place. Psychological capital: A review and synthesis. Is there a significant difference in the well-being of university students prior to the onset of COVID-19 (reported retrospectively) and after the onset of COVID-19? of this manuscript. Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: A practice-friendly meta-analysis. during COVID-19 In this study, we explored these questions with a sample of graduate and Point-biserial correlation Two significant challenges to counseling professionals on college campuses are the lack of resources to adequately respond to mental health concerns among students and the stigma associated with accessing services (R. P. Gallagher, 2014; Michaels et al., 2015). Similarly, approach coping strategies such as active coping, positive reframing, and acceptance (Carver, 1997) were resilient strategies to handle pandemic stress whereas using emotional support and planning showed weaker but significant roles. 44106-7164, Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, COVID-19: Our Body, Our Brains, Our Trauma. Mental Health of Students at Polish Universities after Two Years of the Outbreak of COVID-19. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. COVID-19 Research has demonstrated that this exacerbates existing mental health concerns among university students (Klussman et al., 2020). Web1. SuperBetter: A revolutionary approach to getting stronger, happier, braver and more resilient. DURING Correlation analyses (see Table 1) revealed significant and positive correlations between four PsyCap HERO dimensions (i.e., hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism; Avey, Avolio et al., 2011) and the six PERMA elements (i.e., positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, accomplishment, and physical health; Butler & Kern, 2016). Northwestern University. Coronavirus Anxiety Workbook. Whether its an internship, dissertation defense or graduation ceremony, important events may not happen this year. or funding contributions for the development Point-biserial correlation and Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationships of demographic variables, PsyCap, and coping strategies with change in PERMA scores. Coping Skills Baj-Korpak J, Zaworski K, Szymczuk E, Shpakou A. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Skills Guided imagery can also be a useful and effective tool to help stressed students cope with academic, social, and other stressors. WebCOVID-19 pandemic made a sudden shift of all ages to online learning and distance learning instructions. Sheldon and Lyubomirsky (2006) indicated that practicing gratitude helps people to cope with negative situations because it enables them to view such situations through a more positive lens. 2023 Jan 20;20(3):1921. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031921. Instruments Students at a Limitations and Directions for Future Research. Get enough sleep. Americans stress, worry and anger intensified in 2018. The coronavirus pandemic is pushing America into a mental health crisis. Building the leaders of tomorrow: The development of academic psychological capital. iGen: Why todays super-connected kids are growing up less rebellious, more tolerant, less happyand completely unprepared for adulthoodand what that means for the rest of us. A., Shensa, A., Escobar-Viera, C. G., Barrett, E. L., Sidani, J. E, Colditz, J. The study further analyses the causes of Malaysian university students' grievances and challenges and psychological effects in Among the PERMA elements, engagement and physical health were least impacted by COVID-19, whereas students experiences of positive emotion and negative emotion were the factors that were largely affected. Social distancing regulations were enforced in an attempt to halt virus spread. Among university students, healthy coping strategies could buffer them from some of the unique challenges associated with acculturating and adjusting to college experiences (Jardin et al., 2018), especially during a pandemic. Students use of self-blame (mean) and sources of expected support during the COVID-19, MeSH The PCQ-12 utilizes a 6-point Likert scale with response options ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. If youre a psychology graduate student on a clinical track, youre probably helping patients manage the same anxieties youre facing yourself. American Psychological Association. Thus, in general, internal consistency reliability coefficients tend to be relatively smaller ( = .5 to .9). Investigating the current state of emotional responses and coping strategies of nurses and college nursing students in Anhui Province found that women showed more severe anxiety and fear than men and COVID-19 is a pressure source with great influence, both for individuals and for the social public groups. Most educational institutions made sure that instruction was uninterrupted at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The 14 subscales may be broadly classified into two types of responsesadaptive and problematic (Carver, 1997, p. 98). During the pandemic, optimism, hope, and resiliency have been significant predictors of well-being. Aim of the Study and Research Questions Strategies and programming to develop wellness can be delivered in one-on-one sessions with students, as well as in group settings, and may have either a prevention or intervention focus. The PCQ-12 (Avey, Avolio et al., 2011), the shortened version of PCQ-24 (F. Luthans et al., 2007), consists of 12 items that measure four HERO dimensions: hope (four items), self-efficacy (three items), resilience (three items), and optimism (two items), together forming the construct of psychological capital (PsyCap). https://doi.org/10.1002/job.373, Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. WebMike T. Docmerit is a great platform to get and share study resources, especially the resource contributed by past students and who have done similar courses. COVID-19 Careers. While PsyCap directly relates to well-being and coping strategies relate to well-being, our findings indicated that coping strategies also played a significant mediating role in the relationship between PsyCap and well-being. Most educational institutions made sure that instruction was uninterrupted at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-016-9477-4, Ray, J. Healthcare workers were exposed to this highly infectious virus during the pandemic and suffered several social and psychological consequences, such as anxiety, psychological distress, and burnout. Retrospective recall may be inaccurate (Gilbert, 2007) with participants under- or overestimating their well-being. Given the current realities of physical distancing, there are fewer opportunities for traditional-age university students attending primarily residential campuses to maintain social connections, resulting in social fragmentation and isolation. After a thorough review of the literature, three standardized measures were identified for use in the study along with a brief survey for demographic information. WebAlly parents are parents of trans* and nonbinary youth across the country who volunteer their time to support young people who may lack or not yet have parental support. OH The site is secure. A single overall flourishing score provides a global indication of well-being, and at the same time, the domain-specific PERMA scores provide meaningful and practical benefits with regard to the possibility of targeted interventions. With each PERMA element individually rendering to flourishing mental health, specific targeted positive psychology interventions might be offered as domain-specific interventions. -. Guarding Your Joy: Keeping Your Mental Wellness High On Your Agenda, 7 Tips For Keeping A Routine For Your Wellness, Your Employees Are Stressed: Why Digital Mental Health Solutions Are Important In These Unpredictable Times And Beyond, Social Distancing And Staying Connected Through Games, Your Feelings (About Coronavirus) Are Valid, 10 Things You Can Do Besides Watch The News, A College Students 7 Tips For Transitioning To Online Classes. The main coping methods used were watching movies and listening to music (81%), playing sports (80%), praying (75%), rigorously applying social distancing measures (2015). For the present study, reliability scores were high for four pillarspositive emotion ( = .88), relationships ( = .83), meaning ( = .89), accomplishment ( = .82); high for the subscales of negative emotion ( = .73) and physical health ( = .85); and moderate for the pillar of engagement ( = .65). College Quarterly, 16(1). Seligmans multidimensional model integrates both hedonic and eudaimonic views of well-being, and each of the well-being components is seen to have the following three properties: (a) it contributes to well-being, (b) it is pursued for its own sake, and (c) it is defined and measured independently from the other components (Seligman, 2011). They could also be adapted to provide services online. Resilience, the ability to recover from setbacks when pathways are blocked (Masten, 2001), had a predictive role on positive emotion and accomplishment in this study. There is robust empirical support suggesting that individuals with higher PsyCap have higher levels of performance (job and academic); satisfaction; engagement; attitudinal, behavioral, and relational outcomes; and physical and psychological health and well-being outcomes. We examined whether the COVID-19 context shaped the efficacy of particular strategies to promote well-being. Priscilla Rose Prasath, PhD, MBA, LPC (TX), is an assistant professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio. Of course, its good to stay informed, especially Social distancing regulations were enforced in an attempt to halt virus spread. Seligman (2011) proposed a theory of well-being stipulating that well-being was not simply the absence of mental illness (Keyes, 2002), but also the presence of five pillars with the acronym of PERMA (Seligman, 2002, 2011). 2015;173: 9096. Published 2022. Psychological capital: An evidence-based positive approach. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2015.0088. Coping with COVID-19-related stress as a student Support expected during the pandemic: Type and source. The coping strategy of positive reframing (mean) among students in individual program years, Fig 6. Increased rates of mental health service utilization by U.S. college students: 10-year population-level trends (20072017). B., Avolio, B. J., Norman, S. M., & Combs, G. M. (2006). Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to major changes in peoples lives via protective strategies aimed at limiting the transmission of COVID-19, including social The statistical analysis showed that during the coronavirus pandemic, Polish students most often used the coping strategies of: acceptance, planning, and seeking Learn more about whole health and what you can do to improve your overall wellness including preparing for your wellness during the COVID-19 outbreak. Your classes may now be virtual. (2014). COVID-19 and school closures impacted many children and adolescents' mental health and well-being. Psychological capital and well-being. (2018). The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1(2), 7382. Stumbling on happiness. Relationship of Demographic Factors, Psychological Capital, and Coping Strategies With Change in PERMA Elements, Note. View 3 excerpts, references results and background, View 2 excerpts, references results and background, International journal of environmental research and public health. E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, Cleveland, Gallagher, M. W., & Lopez, S. J. The connection between our physical body and our mental health is important and may be something worth exploring when thinking about staying mentally healthy. Field, A. Positivity: Groundbreaking research reveals how to embrace the hidden strength of positive emotions, overcome negativity, and thrive. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1388434, Hazan Liran, B., & Miller, P. (2019). What is the predictive relationship of PsyCap on well-being prior to the onset of COVID-19 and after the onset of COVID-19? University students are dealing with uncertain current realities and futures and may need to bolster their internal resources to face the challenges ahead. Identify strategies to use to take care of your body, your mind, your spirit, your relationships, your work. Covid-19 pandemic-specific ptsd: Risk and protective factors Students The measure demonstrates acceptable reliability, cross-time stability, and evidence for convergent and divergent validity (Butler & Kern, 2016). Before STUDENT Keyes, C. L. M. (2002). (2007) developed PsyCap from research in positive organizational behavior and positive psychology. Penguin. As teachers, it is essential to listen to students' concerns and demonstrate understanding as well as empathy. The age of participants ranged from 18 to 66 (M = 27.36, SD = 9.9). Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. Simon & Schuster. Do coping strategies play a mediating role in the relationship between PsyCap and well-being. The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. The role of psychological capital in academic adjustment among university students. During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents emerged as one of the most Fig 3. The coping strategy of behavioral disengagement (mean) among students in individual program years, Fig 7. COVID-19 is challenging us to be creative in being emotionally close but socially distant. Engage your senses with hot baths or fragrant candles. Many things can impact this including our physical health. Christine Suniti Bhat, PhD, LPC, LSC (OH), is a professor and the interim director of the George E. Hill Center for Counseling & Research at Ohio University. As a flexible learning method, most schools chose online distance learning (ODL). Iasiello, M., Bartholomaeus, J., Jarden, A., & Kelly, G. (2017). The statistical analysis showed that during the coronavirus pandemic, Polish students most often used the coping strategies of: acceptance, planning, and seeking emotional support. Reduction in Well-Being Related to COVID-19 WebCoping with the Crisis As with any difficult situation, each person relies on different coping mechanisms. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Simon & Schuster. Michaels, P. J., Corrigan, P. W., Kanodia, N., Buchholz, B., & Abelson, S. (2015). As a result, they had to adopt different coping strategies to overcome the predicament that they were trapped in. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9933-3, Hoover, E. (2020). government site. Students stressed out due to coronavirus, new survey finds. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.02.004, Avey, J. Meta-analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. Skills The coping strategy of planning (mean) among students in individual program years (F, Fig 5. Seligmans (2011) PERMA model is one of the most highly regarded models of well-being. If you notice that you are feeling upset or more irritable, take a break from watching, reading, or listening to news stories, including social media. If so, please share them using this form. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 877891. The relationship between psychological capital, coping with stress, well-being, and performance. Connection and disconnection as predictors of mental health and wellbeing. Therefore, this Web-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among university students from For university students, the pandemic brought about disruptions to life as they knew it. Westers recommends trying some of these techniques to help your child cope with back-to-school anxiety during COVID-19: Validate and listen to any concerns. College student retention: An exploration of the relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and purpose in life among university students. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the functioning of universities worldwide. Experts are projecting increases in depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicide in the United States (Wan, 2020). * p < .05, ** p < .01. Skills These include approaches to building positive emotions (Fredrickson, 2009); coping strategies, which were found in this study to boost well-being (Jardin et al., 2018; Lyubomirsky, 2008); and effective goal pursuits (F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017). The impact of business school students psychological capital on academic performance. Perception towards E-learning and COVID-19 on the mental health status of university students in Malaysia. Thus, based on the current results and on the participatory model of intervention, a support program for students is proposed which would involve psychological, organizational, and instrumental support. F. Luthans et al. B., Avolio, B. J., & Luthans, F. (2011). Epub 2021 May 12. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 148. You might feel unmotivated now. Data Collection Procedures The uncertainty about what comes next. Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. While modeling good behavior and staying safe yourself, recognize that you cant control what other people do. Gallup. Results of a repeated-measures ANOVA presented in Figure 1 indicate that mean scores of PERMA decreased significantly during COVID-19: = .620; F (5,604) = 73.99, p < .001. Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 467487. Get up, go to bed and do your work at the same time every day. Students A non-empirical research design was adopted for this study. Partial eta squared was reported as the measure of effect size. WebAbstract This study sought to determine risk and protective factors related to COVID-19 pandemic-specific post-traumatic stress disorder in university students. Specifically, we found coping through self-blame playing a mediating role between PERMA factors and two of the HERO dimensionsresilience and hope. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 24(2), 221230. Positive psychologists have asserted that studies of wellness and flourishing are important in understanding adaptive behaviors and the potential for growth from challenging circumstances (Joseph & Linley, 2008; Seligman, 2011). Engagement coping includes problem-focused coping and some forms of emotion-focused coping, such as support seeking, emotion regulation, acceptance, and cognitive restructuring. University students faced unprecedented challenges and stressors, especially Asian Talarowska M, Rucka K, Kowalczyk M, Chodkiewicz J, Kowalczyk E, Karbownik MS, Sienkiewicz M. Int J Environ Res Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21212, Demerouti, E., van Eeuwijk, E., Snelder, M., & Wild, U. Luthans, K. W., Luthans, B. C., & Palmer, N. F. (2016). Cleveland, The neurobiology research shows us that relationships and connections are important in mitigating the effects of trauma. And having to stay home can be lonely. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Legal Notice | Privacy Policy, 11235 Bellflower Road -. Ask your supervisor for help. Overall, as seen in Table 1, all three variables studiedPsyCap HERO dimensions, eight PERMA elements, and coping strategieswere highly related. Coping strategies were evaluated using the Brief COPE questionnaire (Carver, 1997), which is a short form (28 items) of the original COPE inventory (Carver et al., 1989). for Students Undoubtedly, the period has been stressful for nursing students. B., Reichard, R. J., Luthans, F., & Mhatre, K. H. (2011). Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(2), 127152. Data were collected online in May and June 2020 using Qualtrics after obtaining approval from the IRBs of our respective universities. Our mental health is in constant flux and ebbs and flows on a daily basis. Flourishing (or well-being) is defined as a dynamic optimal state of psychosocial functioning that arises from functioning well across multiple psychosocial domains (Butler & Kern, 2016, p. 2). Stress Health, 31(3), 180188. Predictors of Students' Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Impact of Coping Strategies, Sense of Coherence, and Social Support. Similarly, religion also tended to be an adaptive coping strategy during the pandemic. Journal of Affective Disorders. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541572. 44106, 10900 Euclid Ave. Findings are discussed in three areas: reduction in well-being related to COVID-19, shift in predictive roles of PsyCap HERO dimensions, and coping strategies as a mediator. Coping Skills Fear and worrying about the virus can be overwhelming and cause strong emotions in adults and children. Measuring PERMA+ in South Australia, the State of Wellbeing: A comparison with national and international norms. A suffering generation: Six factors contributing to the mental health crisis in North American higher education. (2019). (2017). Coping Through the Coronavirus. With that in mind, it is important to detect individuals at risk of developing depressive symptoms early and identify protective factors.
