Visvanatha Nayak then poured resources to heavily fortify the temple complex, set a new plan for the temple complex. [60][61], The Nadars appealed to the High Court of Judicature in Madras, unhappy with the judgment of the subordinate judge of Madurai, with funds of 42,000 raised from members of the community. Vishnu is believed to be the brother of Meenakshi, giving her away to Shiva at the wedding. Om abhirmyai nama They are: East Tower (Nine Storeys). [93][94] Meenakshi herself is a central part of the Shaktism tradition of Hinduism, and represented as the dominant figure of the pair in this temple. This choultry hall is known for intricately carved sculptures and eight Shiva forms: Ardanarishwara (half Parvati, half Shiva), Rudra (angry Shiva), Bhikshadanamurti (Shiva as a monk), Dakshinamurti (Shiva as yoga teacher, guru), Lingobhava (Shiva emerging out of a linga), Ekapathamurti, Rishaba, Somaskanda (Shiva, Parvati and Skanda), Chandrasekara, Nataraja (dancing Shiva) and Somasundara. [53] The British rulers first gave endowments to the temple and the British troops participated in temple festivities to gain socio-political acceptance. Allow Necessary Cookies & Continue The completed restoration was celebrated with a Kumbhabhishekam in 1995. The Meenakshi Amman temple was built almost 3500 years ago, the temple was constructed in such a grand way that even today this temple is one of the richest temples of India. [109] The festival includes a procession, where Meenakshi and Sundareshwara travel in a chariot pulled by volunteer devotees, and Vishnu gives away his sister in marriage to Shiva. Chitra gopuram (W), also known as Muttalakkum Vayil, was built by Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II (1238-1251). [28][33], The goddess Meenakshi is the principal deity of the temple, unlike most Shiva temples in South India where Shiva is the principal deity. None of these travel during a festive procession. iti rmnk aottaraata nmval sampram , 108 Names of Meenakshi Amman | Ashtottara Shatanamavali in Hindi | English | Bengali | Gujarati | Punjabi | Kannada | Malayalam | Oriya | Telugu | Tamil. Were theonlyPop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives. On every Friday, golden-colored idols are positioned on the swings and a grand . Sorry, you have Javascript Disabled! They also rebuilt and renovated the Idabhakkuri gopuram, a five-storey tower on the northern segment of the Adi street. According to the inscriptions found on the foundation of the gateways, Visvappa Nayakkar built the Nayaka gopuram in the second prakara around 1530, while Palahai gopuram was built about the same time by Mallappan. Goddess Meenakshi is described as the divine ruler, who along with Shiva were the primary deities that the southern Tamil kingdoms such as the Pandya dynasty revered. [55][56], After the end of the Nayakas, start of the Madras presidency and withdrawal of the colonial British from support, the temple condition degraded. Om trikoamadhya nilayyai nama [11] Early Tamil texts mention that the temple was the center of the city and the streets happened to be radiating out like a lotus and its petals. Om mahatodevasyapatnyai nama [3] The early texts imply that a temple existed in Madurai by the mid 6th century. [51] In contrast, the procession reflects the traditional matrilineal social values, the brother-sister-groom kinship values that better explain its popularity. Meenakshi ( Sanskrit: Mnk; Tamil: Mci; sometimes spelled as Minakshi; also known as Agayakai, [2] [3] Mnci and Tadakai ), [4] is a Hindu goddess and tutelary deity of Madurai who is considered an avatar of the Goddess Shakti also referred to as Durga. After worshipping Sithi Vinayakar, Kumaran and other deities in the parrot cage mandapam, must go round the altar at the Amman Sannidhi, and then enter the sanctum through the main entrance. It is called the "Meenakshi Thirukalyanam". Meenakshi Amman Temple (also called: Meenakshi Sundareswarar Temple, Tiru-aalavaai and Meenakshi Amman Kovil) is a historic Hindu temple located on the southern bank of the Vaigai River in the temple city of Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. Pudumandapam, also called Vasantha mandapam (bottom of plan) was completed by Thirumalai Nayak in the 17th century. Om ivtmikyai nama Mother Andal once sent Sukabrahmmam to Lord Vishnu as an emissary for Her divine love. Instead, they, like the goddess, may aspire to take on roles associated with males, and even excel in such roles. The Nayaka rulers followed the Hindu texts on architecture called the Shilpa Shastras in redesigning the temple city plan and the Meenakshi temple. The Thousand-Pillared Hall (Q) contains 985 (instead of 1000) carved pillars, with two shrines occupying the space of the remaining 15. Book your hotel in Madurai. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . Om caturbahave nama [4] According to the Tamil text Tiruvilaiyatarpuranam, king Malayadwaja Pandya and his wife Kanchanamalai performed a Yajna seeking a son for succession. He brought back enormous loot from Dwarasamudra and the Pandya kingdom to Delhi in 1311. Madurai Meenakshi - The First Warrior Queen of India. Later the idols of Hanumar, Krishnar and other deities on the pillars at the back and then enter the middle way and leave through Amman Sannidhi. Om kalyyai nama He ordered the allegiance of the society of Maravar and insisted a distinction between all classes. Meenakshi Amman Temple is a historic Hindu temple on the south bank of the Vaigai River in Madurai, also known as the Sleepless . [60][61], The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu. Come book your Offers now atwww.madurairesidency.com. The Sultanate sought tributes from the temple towns, instead of supporting them, and on some occasions damaged them heavily and imposed tyranny upon the local populace. Om mahevaryai nama It depicts the marriage of Sundareswarar and Meenkashi attended by Vijayaranga Chokkanatha and Rani Mangammal. It is the 'wonder of the place', Actually the number of pillars count to 985. In fact the Tamil poet and saint . "bald" gateway) was started by Krishnappa Nayakkar, also called the North Raya gopuram (this is not on the plan, below the bottom edge). Having returned back to Mother Andal, She blessed Sukadeva by asking him to ask Her a boon. In the northeast corner is another stone image of his consort. The Kanaka Sabha and Ratna Sabha are in the first prahara, Rajata Sabha in Velliambalam, Deva Sabha in the 100-pillared mandapam and Chitra Sabha in the 1000-pillared mandapam.[92]. Her left hand hangs by her side. North Tower (Nine Storeys). [99] The Tamil word velli means silver and ambalam means stage or altar. svarpa r mnk The Vijayanagara rulers succeeded, cleared the ruins and reopened the temple for active worship. Om manasvinyai nama He also built a Mahamandapam. [105] Volunteers and temple staff also participate in daily rituals, such as symbolically moving an icon of Sundaresvara in a palanquin to Meenakshi's chamber every night so that they can be together, then waking the two and returning Sundaresvara to his shrine every morning. Maravarman Sundara Pandyan I built a gopura in 1231, then called Avanivendaraman, later rebuilt, expanded and named as Sundara Pandya Thirukkopuram. Om ramyyai nama To see this page as it is meant to appear, please enable your Javascript! The city roads radiate from the temple complex and major ring roads form a concentric pattern for the city, a structure that follows the Silpa Sastra guidelines for a city design. The court decided on 20 July 1899 that neither the accused nor any member of their community had the right to enter any part of the temple. This Tower has 1124 sudhai figures The Untersberg is a great mountain straddling the Austro-German border opposite Salzburg. [Online]Available at: http://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/on-how-madurai-meenakshis-story-inspires-children/article17608201.ece, CulturalIndia.net, 2017. Om vidyrkai nama It is dedicated to Parvati, known as Meenakshi, and her consort, Shiva, here named Sundareswarar. Om vvtyai nama It is called Nadukkattu because it is between the shrines of Meenakshi and Sundareswarar. Lakana Nayakar expanded and renovated the Mahamandapa in late 15th century CE. ( My God Pictures ), Arni, S., 2017. But more interesting are the 28 pillars of the mandapam which exhibit some excellent Sculptures of figures from Hindu mythology. The mandapam halls display mythological scenes from Hindu texts using golu dolls. (Meenakshi Temple) . The Goddess Meenakshi of Madurai. The judgment went against the Nadars, then they took their appeal to the London Privy Council. [26][64], According to Holly Reynolds, a closer examination of the temple plan, as well as the old city, suggests that it is mandala, a cosmic diagram laid out based on principles of symmetry and loci. [49], The temple was rebuilt by the Hindu Nayaka dynasty ruler Vishwanatha Nayak in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Madurai Meenakshi temple timings are from 5 AM to 9:30 PM. JAI SRI KAMADEVARE NAMAHA Om amritodbhavyai nama In the morning, the temple volunteers wake the divine couple and the symbolic Cokkar image is carried back to the Sundareswarar sanctum. paramevar paradevatbikyai nama Understanding the Mysterious Kingdom of Shambhala, The Green Children of Woolpit: Legendary Visitors from Another World, Medieval Sea Monster Was Likely a Whale, New Research Reveals, Adventist Adventurer Claimed to Have Found Ark of the Covenant Beneath Crucifixion Site, The Curious Apparitions of Pagan Goddesses to the German Knights Templar, Research Confirms That 20% of the Neanderthal Genome Can Be Found In Modern Humans, The Truth Behind the Christ Myth: Ancient Origins of the Often Used Legend Part I, Theyre Alive! Archaeologists have been able to take a closer look at one of the United Kingdoms most famous shipwrecks. Om akararpinyai nama The surviving plan of the temple complex places it within the old city, one defined by a set of concentric squares around the temple. Vasantha Mandapam 4 Thrukalasandhi pooja 10:30 AM - 11:15 AM [11][26] Madurai is one of the many temple towns in the state which is named after the groves, clusters or forests dominated by a particular variety of a tree or shrub and the same variety of tree or shrub sheltering the presiding deity. [58], In November 1895, the Nadars of kamuthi petitioned to the Meenakshi Sundaraswara temple, which was under Ramnad M. Baskara Sethupathi's trusteeship of the Raj, for permission to hold a ritual feast. Meenakshi ( Sanskrit: , lit. Hence let us try to serve the parrots, and be blessed. [9] The temple inscriptions suggest that the Vijayanagara rulers participated worship ceremonies in the temple and donated gold, through the 16th century. Om ugrasyadevasyapatnyai nama The Urchava Nayanar Mandapa and the small six-pillared mandapa in front of the Mahamandapa was rebuilt by Sundaratolydaiya Mavali Vanathirayar in the 15th century. The Maravars and the Ramnad Zamindar M. Baskara Sethupathi objected it and lodged a complaint against fifteen members of the family of Erulappa Nadar arguing that they had polluted the temple and requested the payment of 2500 for purification rituals. Not just a 2500 year old temple complex but it is like a city with in the Madurai city dedicated to the deity Meenakshi, an avatar of Goddess Parvati, and her consort Sundareswarar, Lord Shiva.So if you are planning for a calm religious tour Meenakshi Amman Temple is the . This Tower has lesser figures of sudhai than other outer towers. The shrine for Meenakshi is smaller, though theologically more important. Om kastritilakyai nama Priests perform the puja ceremonies on a daily basis and during festivals. Om sunsyai nama This Tower has 1511 sudhai figures AboutPressCopyrightContact. It is five-storeyed, was walled up and closed through 1963 for unclear reasons. Om muktratna vibhityai nama "silver hall" where Shiva danced). [30] According to another theory, the name of the goddess literally means "rule of the fish", derived from the Tamil words meen (fish) and aatchi (rule). Only a fraction of 17th- and 18th-century paintings of Nayak period survives and one such portion is found in the small portico on the western side of the tank. Kumaraguruparar visited a lot of temples and when he visited this temple, he composed Meenakshi pillaitamil dedicated to the goddess Meenakshi. The most important temple dedicated to this goddess is the Meenakshi Amman Temple in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. Om rajyalakmi pradayai nama Having worshipped the deities including Sadayappar between the Nandhi Mandapam and coming round the hundred pillar hall, Agni Veeraputhirar, Ahora Veerapathirar, Ooothuva Thandava Moorthy and Badrakali, devotees should proceed to the Thirugnanasambandar mandapam and there offer worship to the four deities, Mangayarkarasiyar, Kulachirayar and Nedumaranayar and then after paying obeisance to the flag pole, they should sit down for a while. The large temple complex is the most prominent landmark in Madurai and attracts tens of thousands visitors a day. [59][60][61], A group of 15 Nadars belonging to the family of Erulappa Nadar entered the temple in Kamudi in May 1897, performing puja to the chief deity themselves. It is located on the southern bank of the river Vaigai in. Thus, Meenakshi remained single, and her father eventually relented, allowing her to ascend the throne in her own right. Throughout the history of civilization, the concept of the apocalypse has been ever present, in one way or another. This temple is devoted to Mata Parvati, known as Meenakshi and Shiva, known as Sundareswarar. Though there are many temples dedicated to the main female deity of Saivite sect of Hinduism, this is the place where the Goddess was born as a girl and married Shiva and people of Madurai still believes Meenakshi is ruling the Madurai city. West Tower (Nine Storeys). The sacrality of Madurai is from this temple. Some inscriptions refer to it as Vembathurar gopuram. While going round the first corridor, Airavatha Vinayakar on the south east, Valla Vinayakar on the south west, Nirutha Ganapathy and Muthukumaraswamy and Chandikeswarar on the northwest must be worshipped. Lakana Nayakar built the Paliarai (bed chamber) in the mid 15th century for the icon goddess and god to symbolically spend their night together. Om mtagyai nama The short main ceremony is completed in the temple, followed by receptions and other rituals elsewhere. The outer towers are the landmarks of Madurai. The traditional texts call him a poet-saint king, additionally credit him with a poem called Ambikai Malai, as well as shrines (koil) each for Natarajar and Surya near the main temple, Ayyanar in the east, Vinayagar in the south, Kariamalperumal in the west and Kali in the north. Like most Shakti temples in Tamil Nadu, the Fridays during the Tamil months of Aadi (JulyAugust) and Thai (JanuaryFebruary) are celebrated in the temple by thousands of devotees. An anti-Nadar coalition was created by Vellasami Thevar, the inherited ruler of a vast land under the Raja of Ramnad and the grandfather of the late Muthuramalinga Thevar. As Madurai was the capital of Meenakshis kingdom, it also became the center of her worship. This contrasts with the "Chidambaram marriage", with patrilineal emphasis, reflected by Shiva's dominance, ritual and mythology at the Shiva temple of Chidhambaram. Height 170'6". This mandapam was built by Thirumalai Nayakkar. Early Tamil texts mention the temple and its primary deity by various epithets and names. [16][40], The temple has other shrines, such as for Murugan in the northwest corner of the second courtyard. Kulasekara Pandya was also a poet and he composed a poem on Meenakshi named. It is said that the temple was originally built in the 6th century BC by survivors of the Kumari Kandam. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. She then traveled northwards to conduct military campaigns, defeating all the opponents she met on the way. Vembaturara Ananda Nambi built the early version of the three-tiered gopuram in 1227. Om kauinyai nama Meenakshi Temple. [76], The temple complex has many mandapas (pillared-halls) built by kings and wealthy patrons over the centuries. [72], The goddess shrine has the green stone image of Meenakshi, standing in bent-leg posture. Perhaps that is just a story, but the unique and monumental towers with their brightly-colored sculptures of As Greek mythology goes, the universe was once a big soup of nothingness. As the king was making a sacrifice in the hope of getting a child, a three year old girl came out from the sacrificial fire. The four tallest gopurams on the outer walls alone depict nearly 4,000 mythological stories. Om raha pjyyai nama 20 , Om raha kelyai nama [72] Both open to the east. Om kalpttyai nama Devotees should enter the temple through East Gopuram, pass along Ashtasakthi Mandapam, Meenakshi Nayakar Mandapam and Mudali Mandapam, take a bath in the Golden Lotus pond and wear clean clothes. This is most evident in the Meenakshi Amman Temple. [20][21] The Meenakshi temple also includes Lakshmi, flute playing Krishna, Rukmini, Brahma, Saraswati, other Vedic and Puranic deities, as well as artwork showing narratives from major Hindu texts. [78], The small six-pillared swing mandapam (Unjal) was built by Cheventhi Murthi Chetti during this period, and this remains in use currently for a Friday ritual and it also houses the model of the entire temple complex created in 1985. Chinnappa Nayakkar constructed the 100-pillared Mandapa Nayaka Mandapam in the northeastern part of second courtyard in 1526. Worshipping Arulmighu Meenakshi Amman at first had been the manner of prayer traditionally. [29] She was earlier known by the Tamil name Thadadakai ("fish-eyed one"), which was called later as Meenakshi. Though, sometimes it is wrongly mentioned that the State emblem is based on Srivilliputhur temple Gopuram, the artist R Krishna Rao the one who designed the Emblem has stated that he designed it based on the Madurai Meenakshiamman West Gopuram[104], The Meenakshi Amman temple is an active house of Hindu worship. A copy of this image has been made from metal and is kept in the temple complex. The complex has numerous shrines and mandapas, of which the most important and largest are the two parallel shrines in the innermost courtyard, one for Meenakshi (B on the plan) and other for Sundareshvara (A). Om kualinyai nama These were constructed by king Kulasekara Pandya (1190-1216 CE). [102], The Meenakshi temple is not only a religious center, but is also an economic center. Om guhytiguhyagoptryai nama [22] The temple attracts over a million pilgrims and visitors during the annual 10-day Meenakshi Tirukalyanam festival, celebrated with much festivities and a ratha (chariot) procession during the Tamil month of Chittirai (overlaps with AprilMay in Georgian calendar, Chaitra in North India). [52], During the colonial era, the population around the Meenakshi temple attracted a hub of Christian missionary activity headed by competing missions from Portugal and other parts of Europe. Vasanthosavam - the Spring festival-is celebrated in this mandapam in Vaikasi (April / May). [16] There are periodic ratha (chariot) processions where one of the metal copy icon of the goddess is taken out of the temple in an elaborate car shrine decorated with colorful clothes and flowers, with volunteers pulling the car through the streets of Madurai and circumambulating the temple complex on one of the concentric roads in the old city. [103], Tamil Nadu state emblem is based on the West Gopuram. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. 108 Names of Meenakshi Amman | Goddess Meenakshi Ashtottara Shatanamavali Lyrics in English - 108 - Shatanamavali TTD News Information Rahu Ketu Puja Hindu Events Temples 12 Jyotirlinga 108 Divya Desam Ayyappa Temples BAPS Temples Murugan Temples Sakthi Temples Saibaba Temples Shaneswara Temple Shiva Temples Vaishnava Temples Venkateswara Temples Meenakshi Amman Temple, also known as Minakshi-Sundareshwara Temple, is one of the oldest and most important temples in India. [50] These streets use traditional Tamil Hindu month names, such as Adhi, Chitrai, Avani-moola, Masi and others. It is around 460 kilometers (290 mi) southwest from Chennai, the state capital. Om sarvasampat pradyinyai nama 108 , Om brahmavidyyai nama This is the official blog of www.parihara.com, a unique web portal which offers quality devotional services. In this temple, Goddess Meenakshi is seen with a parrot in her right hand, showing a symbol of Kama, the god of love. April 2, 2013. Om r lalitmahtripurasundar Although his primary interest is in the ancient civilizations of the Near East, he is also interested in other geographical regions, as well as other time periods. Read More. [38] It is one of the shrines of the 275 Paadal Petra Sthalams. The initiative for some changes to the structure was under the supervision of Ariyanatha Mudaliar, the prime minister of the Nayaka Dynasty. By Karina Sharma. [9] Chitra gopuram (W), also known as Muttalakkum Vayil, was built by Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II (1238-1251). [107] The rituals and festivals are accompanied with music with nadhaswaram (pipe instrument) and tavil (percussion instrument), recitation of the Vedas.[105]. Lord Vishnu hands over his sister. Meenakshi is strongly connected with the city of Madurai, pictured. Om mtagatanayyai nama Om nityapupyai nama It is in front of the eastern tower, outside the current walled complex. Om ymabikyai nama | Madurai News - Times of India", Navarathri celebrations: Meenakshi temple golu display steals the show, Crowds throng Madurai Meenakshi temple for golu, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meenakshi_Temple&oldid=1142327582, Chithirai Thiruvizha, Navaratri, Cradle festival, Aavanimoolam, Meenakshi Tirukkalyaanam, Alagar's river plunge, Portions of the three-storeyed gopura at the entrance of Sundareswarar Shrine and the central portion of the Goddess Meenakshi Shrine are some of the earliest surviving parts of the temple. And much more Those who have visited the temple in Madurai would have seen, Offer Ashotra Archana to Meenakshi Amman at the famous Madurai MeenakshiAmman Temple. Kamakshi Devi's Story: Goddess Kamakshi, as her name suggests, is a goddess and mythology lovers already guessed whose incarnation she can be. Meenakshi temple - Meenakshi Amman Temple is a historic Hindu temple located on the south bank of the Vaigai River in the region of Madurai in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The traditional texts call him a poet-saint king, additionally credit him with a poem called Ambikai Malai, as well as shrines (koil) each for Natarajar and Surya near the main temple, Ayyanar in the east, Vinayagar in the south, Kariamalperumal in the west and Kali in the north. The corridors of the temple tank and Meenatchi Nayakar Mandapam were built by Rani Mangammal. For example, before the colonial era, the temple complex itself was inside another layer of old citys fortified walls. [Online]Available at: http://ma.nithyananda.org/dfoienr20938l4kfdifd/history/meenakshi-the-fish-eyed-cosmic-mother/, Pattanaik, D., 2016. The festival is celebrated in the Chithirai month, which typically falls about April. The sculptures on the pillars here relate some of Lord Shiva's Thiruvilayadals (miracles) and also the story of Meenakshi's birth and her life as the princess of Madurai. The tall sculpture of Ganesh carved of single stone located outside the Sundareswarar shrine in the path from Meenashi shrine is called the Mukuruny Vinayakar. This child had three breasts, and it was foretold that the extra breast would disappear when she met a man worthy to be her husband. The city was laid out in the shape of concentric squares and ring roads around them, with radiating streets culminating in the Meenakshi-Sundaresvara temple. However, the temple includes Vishnu in many narratives, sculptures and rituals as he is considered to be Meenakshi's brother. The Meenakshi Amman Temple is located in the center of Madurai. [23] The Temple has been adjudged best 'Swachh Iconic Place' in India as on 1 October 2017 under Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. Near the Meenakshi Amman Sannidhi, there is a hall called the Kilikkoodu Mandapam (Parrot cage), where until recently, there were a lot of parrots raised by the temple authorities, which used to chant the holy name of the Goddess! For the 1993 film, see, Every pillar is carved with religious or secular sculpture. The Nayaks ruled Madurai from the 16th to the 18th century and left a majestic imprint of their rule in the Meenakshi - Sundareswarar Temple. Om suveyai nama Om npodhyna nivsinyai nama Before its completion in the 19th century, the gopuram made of stone and brick had even fewer stucco images. These largely post-date the 12th century. The story of this goddess shows that females need not be bound by gender norms. This symbolizes her mythical conquests and her presence in the secular life of the people. Om akhataginyai nama Chettiappa Nayakkar rebuilt the Dvarapala mandapam in front of the Sannadhi gopuram, as well as the north colonnade of the Golden Lotus Tank, the second protective wall around the Meenakshi Devi's shrine. The Meenakshi temple is situated in the core of memorable Madurai city, about a kilometer south of the Vaigai Stream. Very much like the lyrics of the famous She may be ancient Egypts most famous face, but the quest to find the eternal resting place of Queen Nefertiti has never been hotter. Kalyana Sundareshwarar with Meenakshi Amman, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 20:09. This gopura was reopened after the renovations completed in 1963. Continue with Recommended Cookies, rmnk stotrottaraatanmval , atha rmnk aottaraatanmval . Other festivals include the Vasantham festival is celebrated in Vaikasi month. This is also called Pudhu Mandapam. It is not advisable to put the parrots in cages, since it always prefers to live independently. AtAncient Origins, we believe that one of the most important fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings is our beginnings. But centuries ago, the land that is now the United States was a very different place What is the origin of the legend of the Christed Son who was born of a virgin on December 25th? An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. [31][32] She is also known by the Tamil name "Angayarkanni" or "Ankayarkannammai" (literally, "the mother with the beautiful fish eyes"). [69][40], The Nayakas, who were the local governors for the Vijayanagara rulers, expanded the temple complex. [72] A distinct feature of Meenakshi in terms of iconography is the presence of parrot in her right hand. Parrots are lovely birds, and they are strongly associated with Hinduism. This academy judged the worth of any work of literature presented before it by throwing it into the tank.
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