/Width 371 /F5 18 0 R /F6 21 0 R reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf. Your email address will not be published. ), Constitutionalism, Constitution Making and Constitutional Reform in Africa: Contemporary Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa, Chapter IX: The politics and policies of oil deregulation in Nigeria: Implications and policy suggestions. endobj /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted - Bscholarly PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and Challenges of Implementing Federal Character All these strengthen political bonds and gave Rice to unity in diversity. 5 Problems Of Federalism In Nigeria And Solutions Unfortunately, to suit their interests and political agenda, the federal and state governments over time immemorial have maintained great level of . If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. Federalism in India - Analysis of the Indian Constitution %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz stream However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. PDF Federalism in Nigeria: Accommodating Diversity and Promoting Stability It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and. This is why there is a clamoring for restructuring and true federalism in Nigeria. By every political barometer, this is a thought-provoking account of the Nigeria-Biafra political imbroglio. Rather there has been more challenges than benefits of this federal system. That is often the reason why some adherents of Marx quarrel vehemently about such preordained classification such as: haves and have-nots; and the liberal minds grappling with, insisting not only that all hands are not equal, but that they must never, for whatsoever reason at all, be made equal - believing that that would tantamount to the highest injustice. No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. This allows the central or federal government to share governmental powers between the central or federal government and the components regions, state, etc. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard , when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. ff>qsfN? Federalism, Nigerian Federal Constitution and the Practice of READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. This has led to a deep sense of alienation and politics of ethnic identity. The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. 74 . By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. 7 Topics Revenue Allocation in Nigeria | Week 9. Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, The politics and problem of fiscal federalism and revenue allocation formula in Nigeria: Who should get what, how, when and why, Resource Control: a Necessary Element for True Federalism in Nigeria, THE IMPACT OF STATE JOINT LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT ON STATE LOCAL RELATIONS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA, MEMORANDUM ON TRUE FEDERALISM SUBMITTED BY THE 'RESTRUCTURE NIGERIA' COMMUNITY AS A RESPONSE TO THE APC COMMITTEE CALL ON TRUE FEDERALISM, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES The Legal Framework for the Corporate Existence of Nigeria, Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria.pdf, Civic Education Curriculum Implementation, NIGERIAN FEDERALISM AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PURSUIT, PROSPECTS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO UNITY AND NATION BUILDING, Constitutions Making, Amendments, Reviews and Nigerias Political Development: Critically, after that train, every other train went to Nigeria from Nigeria, indicating the enormity of the wall of enmity demarcating Nigeria from the sovereign State of Biafra. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. The Challenge of Domesticating Children's Rights Treaties in Nigeria Federalism as a system of government has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. 2. Nigeria and Ghana can not easily form a country chiefly because they are not geographically contiguous. (eds. It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. With the total area of 923,768 km, Nigeria can not justifiably be administered by a lone leviathan from the top. } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance, Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria, How To Calculate OAU Aggregate Score for Admission, Best Education Websites and Blogs In Nigeria (2021), Lakzeland Regional High School Board Of Education, Student Loan Planning Educational Webinar With Justin Rice, Is Agricultural Chemicals a Good Career Path? As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. /Resources << In order to examine these issues, this paper adopted qualitative research and intrinsic approach methodology, along with relative deprivation theory. Ethnic Minorities and Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR This understanding is also in tune with that of Jinadu (1979:15), who insists that Federalism is usually viewed as a form of governmental and institutional structure, deliberately designed by political architects, to cope with the twin but difficult task of maintaining unity while also preserving diversity. It is no news, therefore, that the peoples of Nigeria are diverse in different respects culturally, historically, socially, religiously, educationally, industriously, and even philosophically. What a nice article, very educative for students in school, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Economic factors and Diversities in culture. Such an act has constituted to one of the major problems of federalism thereby militating against the development of the nation. Federalism in India. June 1,2022 In federalism, there is accountability, there is transparency. /Type /XObject By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. Fiscal federalism, sub-national revolts and internal colonialism in Nigeria Some of the reasons include preservation of identities. I have said that Nigeria is reputed to be the largest black country around, even Nigeria has claimed to be the giant of Africa by . This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. REASONS FOR ADOPTION OF FEDERALISM According to IDEA (2015:3), federalism is adoption for the following reasons: Scale: This credited the operation of federalism to the adoption of democracy which allowed for citizens to participate directly in political life. In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. Your email address will not be published. i dont have my first school leaving certificate. There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. /Subtype /Image Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . Problems of Nigerian Federalism 1) Revenue Allocation: This has been a problem in Nigeria. It argues that although deficient in popular sovereignty, the Constitutions legitimacy is moot since it is the operative law that governs the country. Asst. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ 1. Wheare who contends that it is a system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere cordinate and independent. Olawale Olaopa, Ibikunle Ogundari, Mike Awoleye and Willie Siyanbola, Nigeria Quasi Federalism: An Obstacle To Peace And Development In Nigeria, FEDERAL BALANCING IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY, DECENTRALIZING PUBLIC SECTOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF FEDERAL PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, The National Assembly, Constitution Amendment and Civil Society Expectations, True Federalism in Nigeria: A Political Discourse, Re-regionalization and Fiscal Federalism: The Panacea for Accelerated National Development in Nigeria, REPORT OF NIGERIA'S 2014 NATIONAL DIALOGUE, Politics, Power. Military administration does not apply the principle of federation. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. Each state has the same level of self-governance. Since federal systems have been formed for different reasons and to Multi-Ethnicity Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. Air Plan Approval; Texas; New Source Review Updates for Project >> The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. SjHw`d"*z;3N&W3k]:}N\t+5 (Nw3hW"T"aDV$V e. The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. *$( %2%(,-/0/#484.7*./. C The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Evidently, Nigeria's political culture. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Pls visit us again dear reader. Federalism | PDF | Federalism | Decentralization It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. In the words of Richards, regionalism was introduced to strengthen unity in diversity. /Filter /FlateDecode What a nice and educating document!We are grateful for this post. Revenue Allocation and Economic Development in Nigeria: An Empirical The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. British North American colonies unite 3 Up to 1867, the colonies 4 of British North America had no political or geographical links. This book was released on 2022-09-16 with total page 197 pages. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. It will schock you to know Nigerias adoption of federalism was also in the interest of the leaders. Federal System of Government/Federalism | Week 8. (PDF) Federalism in Nigeria -Problems, Prospects and the Imperative of Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria | LearnAllinfo A Policy Brief examining the actors, factors and dynamics of the agitations, questioning if the current agitation is another flash in the pan and if current responses are adequate to address the agitations for secession of Biafra from Nigeria. . The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. As one of the most effective frameworks for governing a pluralistic society, Nigeria adopted Federalism to manage her multi-ethnic state. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. . x^[YsF~[-`pys)fk"%J hE;}LO *%gH=zoN/oNS~~zb|\U?_s3jJ}ZxhK2&$9|H-&9)q7"|kxN7i,anHiw>&_N~@bdkBs>gIM>z2|1zFDW+1"y-#HCQJmvj4CW5z,#IwHGc&Y"`Sg|2)FQ& p:?WT hQ4M:*|9tKy?c[U(zqfNBA=XCOf~2i6KC@;DGO? Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. Federalism and the United States Constitution - ThoughtCo Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. /F1 6 0 R Nigeria thus consists of various ethnic groups and sub-national states, all of which are at the mercy of the Central government. First, how to properly place peoples, better still - indigenes and ethnic groupings, in their relevant socio-economic categories; that is, in line with the oil windfalls. Nigeria, a previously unitary state, became a federation in 1954. What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. /F4 15 0 R examines the question on why federalism has not succeeded in managing and accommodating diversity in Nigeria. Further Philosophical Issues 4.1 Sovereignty or federalism 4.2 Issues of Constitutional and Institutional Design 4.3 Sources of Stability 4.4 Division of Power 4.5 Distributive Justice I love this article,very educating and interesting As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. Thus, Nigeria's federalism is not only complex but also hard to understand. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? Also see: Differences between Cross-offers and counter-offers, five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria. In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. >> The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. From that date, the concept of federalism incorporated the idea of patterned contact at two levels: at the governmental level between the participating units, and among the citizens of these different units (Dare, 1979:26). Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation facing challenges within the balance of economic development along ethnic divisions in society. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. That notwithstanding, The origin and concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. PDF Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. /F2 9 0 R To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. a system of state organization, to bring a workable polity with a just moral order is the reason why states adopt or should adopt federalism. 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. The governmental powers are shared between the federal government and the thirty-six state governments. Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. Dear Chidera, federalism allows the creation of ethnic-based federating units (States). One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. We hope to seeing you again on other posts of interest. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. 7 Functions of Nigerian Federalism - Information Guide in Nigeria In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? It is our pleasure. PDF Department Of Economics University Of Ilorin | freewebmasterhelp In this article, I will elucidate and discuss with references the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Section 10 of the constitution rule outs the adoption of any religion as a state religion either. Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. /Length 3884 ! Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. International Relations - PRAHAAR | PDF | Joint Comprehensive Plan Of Unity of the country: 3.3 3. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting both fancied and real fear of domination among the minorities. Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide Meaningful studies, especially the comparative study of Vile, have significantly shown that emerging challenges of conflict, cooperation and competition amongst levels of government in classical federalist states such as U.S., Canada and Australia, are important rationales for federating as well as the hallmarks of federal government (Vile, cited in Jinadu, 1979). Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. It is on this footing, herewith, that one can properly understand the rational for, and theory of federalism, what and why certain trends theme up federal-state relations in Nigeria, and the features of federal-state relations in Nigeria. It is not surprising that Nigeria in its 55 years of political sojourn has tried different forms of federalism. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. Nigeria- Constitutional Developments Political Economy Judiciary and Historical experience 3.2 2. For citation see: http://www.cejiss.org/issue-detail/biafra-s-resurgence-state-failure-insecurity-and-separatist-agitations-in-nigeria. This was one of the major reasons for the creation of the newer and smaller states after the independence. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. 7. Full History of Nigerian Federalism. On the other hand; a constitution is unitary when there are created by the law made by the central legislature and their existence depends upon the government to control, supervision of the central government. Email Address. FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. Rt. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. Nigeria: A Federation in Search of Federalism
Sims 4 Blood Stain Cc,
Which Of The Following Statements Is True Of Private Prisons?,
Walker Funeral Home Lillington, Nc Obituaries,
Sentro Knitting Machine Troubleshooting,
Shooting In Hillcrest Heights, Md,
Articles R