how does douglass refute this counterclaim?

Speed swimmers have made (alot/a lot) of progress since the 1924 Olympics. IV, p. 514. She has an M.A. He then state I would at times feel that learning to read had been a curse rather than a blessing. (make). 348349 (emphasis in original). He talks about how grateful he is that america is young because it has time to create its own path without a past to hold it down. Through the use of first person encounters, Frederick Douglass in his narrative A Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass argues that the key to freedom is claimed through education. It was specifically on grounds of reparative justice that he urged support of one particular federal public-education proposal, a bill put forward by Senator Henry Blair of New Hampshire. how does douglass refute this counterclaim?kids baking championship where are they now marshall park lunenburg ma where is boca grande beach where is boca grande beach In response, Garrison intensified his calls for the dissolution of the American Union, while influential black abolitionists urged blacks to surrender their hopes in America and emigrate. The three other claims are up for debate and need to be supported by a lot more reasoning and evidence in order to persuade an audience to believe the argument. [43] True abolition and true liberation, in Douglasss understanding, required the restoration of slaves property rights, not the elimination of all others property. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. A counterclaim is an argument that argues in opposition to the author's claim. The labor and stripes that accompanied slaveryeven its lasting material deprivationsdid not reach the depth of its harmful effects in Douglasss estimation. Education empowers people to make good decisions and paves a future that provides opportunities. Counterclaim - a claim for relief made in opposition to, or to offset another person's claim. Slavery, in their view, was simply unconstitutional; the Constitution delegated to the federal government both the right and the duty to abolish slavery immediately, everywhere in the Union.[18]. In a standard, five-paragraph argumentative essay, there are three sections, each with their own components. 364366. but his relative moderation in this proposal is certainly in keeping with his classical-liberal respect for property rights, along with his longtime concern to sustain and strengthen a spirit of virtuous self-reliance among black Americans. [51] Douglass, The Blessings of Liberty and Education, September 3, 1894, in Douglass Papers, Vol. His argument is reinforced though a variety of anecdotes, many of which detailed strikingly bloody, horrific scenes and inhumane cruelty on the part of the slaveholders. The claim is the author's argument that they are attempting to prove in the essay. In paragraph 5, what does douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to V, pp. : Rowman & Littlefield, 2001), chapter 1. [54] Douglass, To the Editor of the National Republican, in Life and Writings, Vol. 'My cell phone doesn't have Internet access.'. Her husband tells her that instructing her slave in literacy will spoil him as a slave, and she stops teaching young Frederick. 29 plumtrees road newtown, ct; popular subdivision names; how to cite the implicit association test how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - laque.com.my This strategy displays the idea that slaves were seen as property and could be discarded easily. Above all, the Constitution must be interpreted in light of its commitment to secure the blessings of liberty for all. The first of those, described above, was the most flagrantly pro-slavery legislation in U.S. history. The reasons of an argument are the reasoning or logical proof provided to prove the argument. Douglasss escape from slavery and eventual freedom are inseparable from his movingly narrated attainment of literacy. But this is the opinion of the Founding and, more generally, of the nations basic moral architecture that critics have propounded widely in todays schools and universities. [58] The Blessings of Liberty and Education, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Max Farrand (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1911), p. 135. [46] One of the most corrupting, debilitating effects of slavery, in Douglasss analysis, was its fostering of a cultural disdain for laboring as an activity beneath the dignity of truly free, truly human beings. Latest answer posted August 20, 2009 at 11:51:14 PM. A claim of value makes a judgement on something's worth, morality, or merit. [43] Douglass, Property in Soil and Property in Man, November 18, 1848, in Life and Writings, Vol. In paragraph 5, what does Douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to his To remedy the degradation and impoverishment that proceeded from this culture of indolence, Douglass throughout the postwar years insistently extolled the property right and the virtues of free labor that supported it, and he called upon his fellow black Americans in particular to cultivate the self-reliant virtues of industry, productivity, and thrift. Counterclaim - Definition, Examples, Cases, Processes - Legal Dictionary The KansasNebraska Act reversed a federal prohibition of slavery within those two territories, thus betraying the principles of the Declaration by making moral indifference to slavery the guiding principle of federal policy and prompting an alarmed Abraham Lincoln to return to electoral politics. In Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass,did the mistress's initial kindness or her eventual cruelty have a greater effect on Frederick Douglass? Suppose that you are trying to get information from people who equivocate. If I told my mom that bit about the Internet access and the Honor Roll, you can bet she would make me prove it by showing it to her. Douglass made these appeals to greatest effect in the most popular and frequently presented of his postwar speeches, his lecture on Self-Made Men. After briefly considering a few alternative explanations of worldly success, Douglass declares it evident that we may explain success mainly by one word and that word is work! Create your account. Although Frederick Douglass believes that the only way to freedom for him and his fellow slaves, is through learning how to build on. What other words in the speech connect to this concept? The signers of the Declaration of Independence, Douglass told his audience that day, were brave men. He then begins to think getting his education could be his way to liberty and freedom and though he endeavors to learn much as he can, he starts to doubt whether he is correct or not. In his heart of hearts, Douglass would later reflect, Lincoln loathed and hated slavery.[25] The foundation of this deepened appreciation was of course Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation, promised in September 1862 and delivered the following January. Under its influence, the tender heart became stone, and the lamblike disposition gave way to one of tigerlike fierceness" (page 28). The body of the essay is three paragraphs and contains the author's reasoning, evidence, and counterclaims. 59 lessons. Its easy for us to admit that slavery is wrong but, in Frederick Douglasss time no one thought that it was. A broad array of racially freighted social problems persists and even intensifies in the postCivil Rights Era, in the face of which the ideals of the civil rights cause cannot be said to have been fully realized. Argumentative Writing Overview & Facts | How to Write A Claim & Counterclaim, Study.com ACT® English Test Prep Practice: Commas, Concluding Statements: Supporting Your Argument, How to Establish and Maintain a Formal Writing Style, How to Analyze an Argument's Effectiveness & Validity, Study.com ACT® English Test Prep Practice: Verb Tense and Subject-Verb Agreement, Writing for An Audience: How to Structure Your Argument, How to Structure an Argument in Your Essay, Providing Effective Feedback on Writing Samples, Claim Statements in Arguments | Strong & Weak Reasons, Evidence, & Examples, How to Add, Subtract and Multiply Complex Numbers, Supporting Claims with Evidence & Reasoning | How to Write a Claim Statement, Citing Textual Evidence to Support Analysis, The Importance of Using Precise Language in Writing. It is appealing to think that Kings dream has been realized, at least in its essentials, by the reforms of the Civil Rights Erareforms that King himself characterized as the third, the greatest, and the culminating American Revolution. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - daxasys.com John W. Blassingame and John R. McKivigan (New Haven: Yale University Press, 19791992), p. 430 (hereinafter Douglass Papers). So, not only does the author work on proving their claim, but they work on disproving the counterclaim or opposition's argument. Counterclaims are arguments of the opposing side which the author will address. Q&A Expert 3 851 answers 4.8 rating He acknowledges that some can debate him Explanation: Quick expert help Get an expert answer for 15 minutes The louder she screamed, the harder he whippedI was quite a child, but I well remember it. Evidence provides factual proof for the reasons in an argument and can consist of facts, data, statistics, published study results, and quoted experts. This provides more room to address the counterclaim and apply a rebuttal of the counterclaim. Pro-slavery whites pointed out that black people, when questioned, said they were happy with their situation. If he had he would have faced much more threats than he did. Argumentative Writing - ELA.8.C.1.3: Write to argue a position, supporting at least one claim and rebutting at least one counterclaim with logical reasoning, credible evidence from sources . [9] Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom, in Frederick Douglass: Autobiographies (New York: Library of America, 1994), p. 286. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. At the center of Kings dream was the hopeful expectation that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creedwe hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equaland that all men, yes black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.[1]. The more difficult ones were put in place by Douglass in order to provide a deep and profound statement, without arousing too much opposition. His careful planning paid off in September 1838, when he fled Baltimore disguised as a seaman and made his way ultimately to New Bedford, Massachusetts, where he settled, a newly married man, and took the surname Douglass from the hero in Sir Walter Scotts epic poem The Lady of the Lake. He cites literacy as a pathway to humanity and ultimately freedom, one which he ironically discovered when Mr. Auld made his feelings about black literacy known. Concluding his July Fourth oration in 1852, he reassured his audience, I do not despair of this country. How did Frederick Douglass learn to read? IV, p. 68 (emphasis in original). Douglass' primary claim in his narrative is that a nation predicated upon individual freedom cannot allow slavery to exist. How he acquired it is a part of his story not to be neglected. [32] Douglass, What the Black Man Wants, January 1, 1865, in Douglass Papers, Vol. IV, p. 68. I was a man now.[9]. [61] Douglass, Why Is the Negro Lynched? in Life and Writings, Vol. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. Douglass proposed the chartering of a national land and loan company empowered to purchase available tracts of land and then to resell or lease those lands to members of the newly emancipated class. In a more formal way, she might say, 'Your current situation does not require a new cell phone.' I explain Douglasss argument more elaborately in Frederick Douglass, pp. It is difficult to challenge the accuracy of the first hand account offered. [47] Douglass, Self-Made Men, in Douglass Papers, Vol. The reasons can also be thought of as the "why" behind a claim. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - medialist.cz "In addition to wasting lives, the death penalty also wastes money. Douglass publicly announced his change of opinion in the spring of 1851, but his most powerful statement of his revised view appears, fittingly enough, in his speech at an Independence Day celebration in 1852. Tell why all or part of the opposing point of view may be reasonable, plausible, or valid, but minimize the opposing position. -the struggle for freedom changes through history by always separating one race from the other, and calling one superior Frederick Douglass shows her fast transformation from generosity to hard-heartedness to show the pernicious effect slavery has on white slave owners. That is provable, because your phone is so old it barely has texting! 42% of the inmates are black, although African-Americans only account for 12.5% of the U.S. population" (Walter). Passage of the bill would signify, he contended, at least a recognition of a great national duty towards a people to whom an immeasurable debt is due. He also goes on to say a number of other things that basically establish that slaves live an easy and good life compared to others. After the hook, there is a transition statement (or statements) that connects the hook to the author's thesis. Your fathers, the fathers of this republic, did, most deliberatelyand with a sublime faith in the great principles of justice and freedom, lay deep the corner-stone of the national superstructure, which has risen and still rises in grandeur around you. Douglass describes this memory as the "blood-stained gate" through which he entered slavery, and he is struck throughout at how the institution made tyrants of whites. There is a power in numbers, wealth and intelligence, which can never be despised nor defied. [50] Self-reliant virtue was indispensable to the cause of national integration, just as it was an essential condition of the securing of rights. IV, ed. Evidence should be from a source that's reliable, and it makes your argument even better if you have evidence from multiple sources. His story, an instant best seller, succeeded in confirming his veracity, but at the cost of attracting greatly intensified attention from fugitive slavecatchers. He says of Sophia Auld, "Slavery proved as injurious to her as it did to me" (page 28). No class of men can, without insulting their own nature, be content without it. 386387. Tell why all or part of the opposing point of view may be reasonable, plausible, or valid, but minimize the opposing position. When providing evidence to support reasoning, always make sure that the evidence comes from a credible source and that it is directly relevant to the reasoning. Informative_Paragraph.pdf - Name: Kayla Valadez Date: Post author: Post published: junho 22, 2022 Post category: when would the undeposited funds feature not be necessary? Then, it's time for your evidence, which, again, you have thoughtfully and thoroughly prepared. Using stories to illustrate each of his points, Douglass shows that black slaves only tell whites they are happy to avoid retribution, that they sing to mourn and lament their fate, and that owners who have gone to revival meetings and come back "converted" to Christianity feel even more emboldened to beat and mistreat their slaves, because it is Biblically sanctioned that slaves must obey their masters. Counterclaim and Refutation Sentence Frames - Pennington Publishing A claim is the main argument. Key Arguments in "The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass" But he makes it equally clear that slavery was not successful in achieving this aim. They were great men too. [50] My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 286; Douglass to Stowe, March 8, 1853, in Life and Writings, Vol. The function of a claim is to provide the author's argument. . V, p. 105. In a widely publicized speech commemorating the Constitutions bicentennial, Marshall asserted that in its infamously pro-slavery ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), the Supreme Court merely reaffirmed the prevailing opinion of the Framers regarding the rights of Negroes in America. He claimed that Chief Justice Roger Taney, writing for the Court in that case, had accurately described the Founders views when he alleged that in the Founders day, black Americans, had for more than a century before been regarded as beings of an inferior order, and altogether unfit to associate with the white raceand so far inferior, that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect; and that the Negro might justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for his benefit. All of the violence and the degradation was intended, Douglass makes clear, to rob African-Americans of their humanity. Who can reason on such a proposition? [42] Douglass, Northern Whigs and Democrats, July 7, 1848, in Life and Writings, Vol. Up from Alienation: Douglasss Abolitionist Years, Speaking to the Garrisonian American Anti-Slavery Society in 1847, a youthful Douglass posed a poignant question and supplied a dispiriting answer. The federal government would find itself surrounded by a hostile spirit in the lately rebellious states, he warned, and the strength to counterbalance this spirit would be found in the negroes of the south.[40] Moreover, a policy of equal suffrage would have, over time, a more profound integrative effect in the healing of racial divisions. Good reasoning for a claim is on topic, logically sound, factual, and can be supported by evidence. Check your answer in a print or an online college-level dictionary, Identify and define two other words in which the prefix ob- means "against." a) the regulation of business protected consumers. To the contrary, it was a hard-won achievement, and as such, it contains valuable lessons for all Americans and especially for those who, like the young Douglass himself, find themselves dispirited about their place and prospects in their country. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 He attempts to demonstrate this in the Narrative by describing some of the horrific experiences he witnessed. Douglass has been taught a few reading lessons form his mistress. A reader can see bleak picture of black slavery from the narration of Frederick Douglass who confronts brutal conduct of white masters throughout his childhood. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Every beating, every death, every malicious act was all recorded for the people of the U.S. to finally see the error of our ways. Due to this criticism, he had to mask much of his work with irony. [44] Douglass, We Are Not Yet Quite Free, August 3, 1869, in Douglass Papers, Vol. II, pp. The charge of a pro-slavery Constitution was a slander upon [the] memory of the Framers, he contended; interpreted as it ought to be interpreted, the Constitution is a glorious liberty document. Consider the constitution according to its plain reading, Douglass continued, and I defy the presentation of a single pro-slavery clause in it. In paragraph 5, (b) How does he refute that counterclaim? [18] Douglass, The Republican PartyOur Position, in Life and Writings, Vol. This technique helps to make the argument more effective by strengthening the claim being made. . IV, p. 420. The first of his positive reversals occurred as he was sent to serve as a house slave in Baltimore, where, aided by his kindly slavemistress Sophia Auld, he learned the rudiments of literacy. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - ferramedia.com In his successive responses to these developments, Douglass expressed not despair but rising hopefulness. [35] Douglass, The Future of the Negro People of the Slave States, in Life and Writings, Vol. Douglass states that "scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed." Central to the question of the wars larger moral legacy was the fate of those with whom he peculiarly identified: those lately emancipated. A few of which include inequality, education, and Christianity as the keys to freedom in terms of its true values within the institution of slavery. When he spoke those words he was less than 10 years removed from the depredations of slavery, and the position he took in that 1847 speech reiterates the signature doctrine of his early Garrisonian mentors, for whom condemnation of the Constitution as a villainous compromise with slavery represented an article of abolitionist faith. It is very clear that Douglass wants us as readers understand the true humanity of him and other slaves and wants to show the extent to which perceptions of inequality are flawed. [2] Cornel West, Race Matters (Boston: Beacon Press, 1993), chapter 1. The Constitution, as well as the Declaration of Independence, and the sentiments of the founders of the Republic, give us a plat-form broad enough, and strong enough, to support the most comprehensive plans for the freedom and elevation of all the people of this country, without regard to color, class, or clime. [34] Douglass, Let the Negro Alone, May 11, 1869, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Evaluating an Argument Guidelines & Examples | What is an Argument? They are struggling with the counterclaim (counterargument) and refutation (rebuttal) as these are new Standards for seventh graders. This deep, Lockean insight, which he shared, once again, with Americas Founders, moved Douglass to defend the natural right of property against errors and attacks from divergent positions. How does learning to read and write change Douglas, as he outlines in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave? He had finally conquered his fear of water. While this quote is from a credible source (Markkula Center for Applied Ethics), it merely restates the claim and reasoning, rather than providing actual evidence to support it. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. Slavery has been around since the 1700s, but the subject of slavery is controversial because it not only includes information written from former slaves, but information acquired from historians. These were indeed terrible enough; but deeper down, and more terrible still, were the mental and moral wrongs that slavery inflicted. Likewise, it went hand-in-hand with his wariness of the moral hazards attendant on whites benevolence. [15] Douglass, What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? in Douglass Papers, Vol. The evils which are now crushing the Negro to earth have their root and sap, their force and mainspring, in this narrow spirit of race and color and the Negro has no more right to excuse or to foster it than men of any other race. Shubhra Mohanty June 09, 2022 Despite that glimmer of dignity at his origin, the year of his birth and the identity of his own father remained unknown to him throughout his life. In paragraph 5, (a) What does Douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to his 2. It was above all in Americas original and unforgettable dedication to those principles that Douglass found reason to love and identify with his country, despite the injustices that he and his people had suffered. Finally, answer the question at the bottom of the page. When Douglass remarked on Americas inexpiable debt to those who had been enslaved, he was not demanding an effort to restore, however imperfectly, the actual and potential material wealth that slavery had stolen from its victims. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? If you've ever said this or something like it, you've made a claim. ', Then it's time for the reasons you've prepared well in advance, because you know exactly what she'll ask. This meant first the reintegration of a country still badly divided by sectionalism in the immediate aftermath of the war. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. It must be acknowledged that most of the Founders, with notable exceptions, were not racial integrationists; yet despite their particular doubts, racial integration is a legitimate inference from their principles, as Douglass forcefully argued. Evidence - something that proves the truth of a claim, or leads to a . Speaking in mid-1863 on the question What shall be done with the Negro? he specified four altogether objectionable responses. Making a claim is just a fancy way of saying that you're stating your main point. Douglass never mentions the fact that many of the fathers were slave owners. The only solid, and final solution of the problem before us, Douglass insisted, was also the only just solution: the most perfect civil and political equality such that black Americans shall enjoy all the rights, privileges and immunities enjoyed by any other members of the body politic.[37] In its primary meaning, Douglasss fair-play, non-exceptionalism principle entailed simple equality under law, irrespective of race or color, but in the decades following the war, he was most urgently concerned with equal protection for two rights in particular: voting rights and property rights. The evidence is the facts, data, and quoted experts used to provide support for the reasoning. Not only will people need to know where you got your evidence, they might even want to see it. The first step in her transition from kindness to cruelty is when she is instructed to cease teaching Frederick Douglass to read. Get the Writing Style Posters FREE Resource: Grammar/Mechanics, Literacy Centers, Study Skills, Writing argument essay, argumentative essay, common core writing standards, counterargument sentence frames, Counterarguments, Counterclaim and Refutation Sentence Frames, counterclaim sentence frames, counterclaim transitions, Counterclaims, essay argument, essay strategies, Mark Pennington, Opposing Claims, rebut, Rebuttal, Refutation, refute, Teaching Essay Strategies, writing style, and receive a free welcome gift! Do nothing with us! V, p. 625. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Masterplots II: African American Literature Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Analysis, Critical Edition of Young Adult Fiction Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Analysis, Critical Context (Masterplots II: African American Literature), Critical Context (Critical Edition of Young Adult Fiction), Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself, Frederick Douglass. Answer: a. dependence on a neighbor in terms of access to water trade. A great deal is at stake in this critique, and it demands a clear, forthright response: These charges against the Founders are false as well as pernicious. Northerners, remembering their revolutionary heritage enough, at least, to remain vigilant in defense of their own rights, would increasingly view these actions as aggressions until the point was reached that slaveholders, by their own imperial overreach, had assembled a coalition of enemies too large for them to defeat. He condemned not only Americas Government, but also its Constitution for supporting and perpetuating this monstrous system of injustice and blood.[11]. An effective argumentative essay will bring up counterclaims for two reasons: An effective counterclaim will both disagree with and disprove a claim. Douglass made these particular remarks in a speech at the dedication of an industrial education institution in the state of Virginia, but they represent an extension of his broader advocacy, in this period, of a federally established system of public schools. Addressing a womens rights convention in 1868, Douglass made the point simply and bluntly: If the elective franchise is not extended to the negro, he dieshe is exterminated.[39], Moreover, as the voting right was an imperative of justice, it was also, Douglass argued, a powerful agency for the cause of integration. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - indbras.com.br 9 chapters |

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